Zonulin is a protein molecule involved in the regulation of intercellular tight junctions between epithelial cells in the intestinal wall. When it binds to specific receptors on the cell surface, the tight junctions open and as a result increase the permeability of the intestinal epithelial cells. Increased permeability in the intestines can leak bacteria and their byproducts (lipopolysaccharides LPS), yeast and large protein molecules and other compounds into the bloodstream which leads to allergic responses and other immune activation. Inflammatory compounds released from immune cells is now recognized as a major source of chronic inflammation leading to metabolic disruption and are regarded as a major factor in aging and chronic health issues. Causes of increased expressions of zonulin includes certain pathogens, damaged intestinal mucosal layer, microbiome disruption, chronic stress or dietary issues like low fiber and high fat choices and contact with gliadin. The invasion of foreign antigens and cell components eventually trigger GUT-Immune dysregulation, which has far reaching negative health consequences.
